Masonry

Masonry Special Inspection

The inspection process is typically divided into checks of the materials, the steel reinforcement, and the placement of the masonry units and grout.

1. Material and Testing Verification (Periodic)

• Unit Verification: Confirming the type, size, and grade of the masonry units (e.g., concrete blocks, clay bricks) match the specifications.

• Mortar and Grout: Verifying the proportions of site-mixed mortar and grout are correct and that the materials used (cement, lime, sand) are as specified.

• Testing: Observing the sampling, field testing, and fabrication of test specimens (often prisms for masonry compressive strength, $f'_m$, and cylinders/prisms for grout compressive strength) and ensuring proper handling and transportation to the testing lab.

2. Reinforcement and Connector Placement (Periodic)

• Rebar: Inspecting the size, grade, quantity, and location of the reinforcing steel (rebar) before the walls are grouted.

• Clearances: Verifying proper clearances between the rebar and the cell walls to allow grout to flow freely.

• Splices and Ties: Checking the length of lap splices and the proper installation of anchors, ties, and connectors that tie the masonry to other elements like the roof, floors, or foundation.

• Cleanouts: Verifying that cleanout openings are properly created and then sealed before grouting begins, ensuring the cells are free of debris.

3. Masonry Placement and Grouting (Continuous)

This is the most critical phase, with grouting operations almost always requiring Continuous Special Inspection:

• Unit Laying: Periodically checking the proper placement of the masonry units, joint thickness, and wall alignment.

• Grout Placement (Continuous): The inspector must be present continuously while grout is being placed to:

  • Verify the grout mix remains consistent and fluid.

  • Ensure the grout is placed in the required "grout lifts" and within the required time limits.

  • Confirm the proper use of grout vibrators to consolidate the grout, eliminate voids, and fully encapsulate the reinforcing steel.

A Deputy Inspector for Structural Masonry must hold specialized certification. The most recognized certification is the ICC Structural Masonry Special Inspector certification. They must also be approved by the local jurisdiction (city or county) to perform work within that area.